Saline solution for cats subcutaneously dosage. General rules of injections. Everything is in place

Features of the solution

The drug contains chloride, which maintains the acid-base balance and takes part in the synthesis of hydrochloric acid, which stimulates the processing of proteins. Sodium regulates fluid levels and metabolism.

Sodium chloride with glucose 5% in medicine belongs to the group of isotonic solutions, because its pressure corresponds to the osmotic pressure of blood plasma. Salt is a component of plasma and other fluids in the body. The drug removes toxins and does not irritate tissues. It is a colorless transparent solution with a salty aftertaste. Packaged in glass bottles of different capacities, from 100 to 500 ml.

rate of administration of saline intravenously to a cat

Saline solution: instructions for use. Saline solution for injection. Saline solution for cough

One of the most universal means in medical practice is saline solution. The instructions for use allow it to be used for various purposes: from injection to rinsing contact lenses. Inpatient treatment of a patient is usually not complete without it. The solution is considered absolutely safe even for infants when used correctly.

An isotonic (physiological) solution is a mixture of purified water and the main active ingredient – ​​sodium chloride. The liquid received this name, better known as saline solution, due to its similarity to the chemical composition of human blood plasma (sodium and chlorine ions are contained in the same concentration).

Sodium chloride is nothing more than table salt, which has valuable medicinal properties. The element maintains the necessary osmotic blood pressure. Therefore, its deficiency can cause various functional disorders of the cardiovascular, nervous system, and muscle weakness. The cause of this condition is most often prolonged vomiting or gastrointestinal upset (diarrhea), severe burns, pathology of the adrenal glands, long-term therapy with diuretics and corticosteroids.

In many areas of medicine, saline is used. The instructions for use position it primarily as a detoxifying agent.

The liquid is almost always used for intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of medications. This makes insertion less painful. An isotonic agent (saline solution) for injection is produced in ampoules of 5, 10 or 20 ml. Pharmaceutical liquid steril

Actovegin is an antihypoxant, i.e. Rev.

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Causes and symptoms of salt deficiency

The daily requirement for cats and kittens is at least 0.3% chloride and 0.2% sodium. In many foods this percentage is even exceeded. If pets eat industrial food regularly, then they should not have a deficiency of chlorine and sodium. However, during prolonged diarrhea or vomiting, animals' bodies lose large amounts of minerals, which can be hazardous to health.

A lack of sodium chloride makes your cat's blood thicker because some of the water is lost and absorbed by the tissues. A significant lack of fluid causes muscle spasms, convulsions, and disruption of the nervous system and blood circulation in the animal. The animal quickly loses weight and suffers from increased gas formation in the intestines. Kittens experience growth retardation and weakness.

In these cases, the cat must be shown to a veterinarian. The specialist will tell you how and how to treat the disease.

dropper for a cat in case of poisoning

Please, please post a list of medications necessary to save the life of a cat in case of poisoning with a potent poison. And if possible, please share your personal experience. Thank you.

in general, in case of poisoning, it is best to give charcoal, bifidumbacterin, what you usually take yourself in case of poisoning, only of course in small doses and do not give food, only water. But in general it’s better to go to the vet, of course,

The first thing you need to give is ENTEROSGEL (sold in a regular pharmacy) - it removes any poison, as good for people as for animals. Activated carbon is rather weak in comparison. For 5 kg of cat weight, 3-4 mg of enterosgel, diluted in boiled water and give it to drink (you can, just conveniently, through a regular syringe, without a needle!). And quickly go to the veterinarian, and they will insert a cotter and give intravenous injections, Essentiale, various cleaning solutions and many many other drugs. And more injections intramuscularly and subcutaneously (from dehydration). I know this, because Roni just finished giving all the injections today and pulled the kotter out of her paw. Tomorrow I’ll tell you about health (in fact, today).

Poisoning is a disease that occurs as a result of the entry into the body of an animal of toxic chemicals and feed, which, if stored improperly or improperly prepared for feeding, acquire toxic properties due to the development of bacterial and fungal flora.

E t i o l o g i . In cats, poisoning can be caused by: 1) pesticides (chemicals used to kill insects and ticks, rodents, and weeds); 2) medications if they are stored carelessly, in case of overdose; 3) carbon monoxide and lighting monoxide.

SIGNS OF DISEASE. In case of poisoning with drugs containing arsenic, copper, phosphorus, salivation, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, convulsions and paralysis of individual muscles are observed. The urine is revealed

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Indications for use

Saline solution is freely sold in pharmacies and is most often used intravenously. The veterinarian selects the dosage depending on the cat’s weight.

The drug is prescribed for:

• dehydration due to diarrhea, vomiting, or burns;
• loss of large amounts of fluid as a result of severe bleeding;
• recovery after surgery;
• intoxication;
• state of shock;
• inflammation.

If there is a lack of sodium chloride in the body, the veterinarian will prescribe an injection solution.

Terms of use

It is better to give subcutaneous infusions to a cat using drip systems, this will be more convenient for the owner and the pet itself.

A Sodium Chloride dropper for a cat should be placed according to all the rules:

• the solution is used warm and administered slowly;
• It is unacceptable for air to enter the cat’s vein;
• the kitten must be supervised to avoid consequences.

The main stages of setting up an IV:

• First you need to properly prime the infusion system.
• The cat is placed on its side on a flat, soft surface.
• The catheter is unbandaged and washed with a solution of hepatrin and sodium chloride.
• The catheter cap is unscrewed and the drip system cannula is attached to it.
• Open the clamp, adjust the rate of introduction of the solution (20 drops per minute)
• The drugs are injected into the IV with a syringe and a needle through an elastic band.
• After completing the process, the clamp is closed, the cannula is disconnected, and the cap is screwed on.
• Having opened the top valve, the catheter is washed and rolled up.

It will take approximately 2 hours to administer 100 ml of saline solution.

Sodium Chloride is administered subcutaneously to the cat 1-2 times a day using a 0.6 ml syringe or whatever is more suitable for the cat. The solution is injected quickly in one stream.

When administered correctly during treatment, no side effects occur.

The benefits of Sodium Chloride for cats are significant; recovery occurs within a few days.

Caring for a cat after sterilization by day: suture, what is possible, what is not

The sterilization (castration) operation is only half the battle (see types of cat sterilization, pros and cons). The most important period is the postoperative period, which falls on the shoulders of the cat owner. The veterinarian who performed the operation must provide instructions on all the intricacies of caring for the animal after anesthesia, tell and show how to handle sutures and what to pay attention to when emergency situations arise.

General recommendations

After sterilization, the abdomen should be protected with a special blanket (bandage) with ties on the back. The protective bandage is worn all the time until the stitches are removed, plus another day or two, so that the cat does not lick small wounds from the threads.

A cat blanket is usually made of natural cotton fabric and does not cause physical discomfort to the animal after surgery. But due to the peculiarities of tactile sensitivity, the cat may be lazy to walk in it or have a strange gait. When the bandage is removed, everything falls into place.

If the cat is handed over to the owners after the operation in a state of anesthesia, then the process of blinking for the pet falls on them. Cats under anesthesia often have their eyes open. To prevent the cornea from drying out, you need to periodically cover your eyes (blink) or drip artificial tears or 0.9% saline solution onto their surface.

Upon arrival home, the cat should be placed warmly (for example, on a warm heating pad) and on soft bedding, because After anesthesia, the process of thermoregulation is disrupted. Be sure to place it on the floor so that during the awakening process the animal does not fall from a height. It is necessary to lay down a well-absorbent diaper, because... Until recovery from anesthesia, the cat cannot control the physiological needs to empty the bladder and rectum. There may be trembling throughout the body (general tremor) or vomiting.

At first, the cat is not allowed to

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Sodium chloride for cats – how to use the drug correctly?

Saline solution or sodium chloride for cats is indicated for various pathological conditions, and sometimes the drug is prescribed to cats for preventive purposes. A similar element is found in many products and cat food. The salty liquid can be used to clean your pet’s nose, use it to treat dehydration with frequent diarrhea or vomiting, and cope with shock and other disorders. Although saline solution has few limitations and rarely causes negative reactions, it is still recommended to consult a veterinarian before cleaning your cat's nose with it or using the solution in any other way.

Effect on pregnancy

A sodium chloride dropper during pregnancy (1st and 2nd trimester) should only be prescribed by a doctor. You should not use such saline solution during pregnancy more than 200-400 milliliters per infusion. But if this remedy is used to replenish blood deficiency or detoxification, then doctors prescribe fairly large doses (from 700 to 1400 milliliters).

It should also be noted that one of the most important indications for prescribing saline solution for pregnant women is arterial hypotension or low blood pressure.

Sodium and chlorine are important and are found in almost all foods and feeds. When they react, they form a salt. If there is a deficiency of this substance in the body, it is administered in the form of a solution subcutaneously. Sodium Chloride for cats and kittens is used to ensure the normal functioning of all body systems. A description of the properties of the drug can be found in the instructions.

Components and mechanism of action

The main component of the drug is chloride, through which the acid-base balance is maintained in the pet’s body. The active substance also participates in the synthesis of hydrochloric acid, due to which the processing of proteins is normalized. Another component of the saline solution is sodium, which is responsible for the amount of fluid and is able to stabilize the cat’s metabolism. In veterinary medicine, a combination of saline solution and 5% glucose is often used, since thanks to this mixture it is possible to remove toxins and not damage tissues. The solution is colorless and slightly salty in taste. You can purchase bottles of 100-500 ml at a veterinary pharmacy. If your pet needs emergency first aid and there is no saline solution on hand, you can prepare it yourself at home. To do this, mix salt with water.

In what cases is it used?

It is possible to inject saline into a pet subcutaneously, and also give intravenous injections. The instructions for use indicate that sodium chloride can be dropped into the cat's nose, thus performing rinsing. If a kitten or adult feline lacks sodium chloride, the veterinarian will prescribe a drip with saline. Indications for use of the drug are the following pathological conditions in a pet:

• dehydration associated with prolonged diarrhea, vomiting or burns;
• a sharp decrease in the amount of fluid in the cat’s body due to severe bleeding;
• rehabilitation period after surgery;
• signs of intoxication;
• state of shock;
• inflammatory reactions in the cat's body.

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Instructions for use

Nasal rinsing, subcutaneous administration and other methods of using saline for a cat require prior approval from a veterinarian. In most cases, it is recommended to administer the product using a drip system. When placing an IV, adhere to the following rules:

• The saline solution should be warm and administered slowly.
• Prevent air from entering the cat's vein, which will cause life-threatening complications.
• When performing the manipulation, the pet is monitored by a veterinarian or owner in order to notice changes in its condition in time and take the necessary measures.

It is better to put an IV in a hospital setting. The manipulation is performed in several stages:

The system through which the drug will flow into the animal’s vein must be connected to the catheter.

1. Correctly prime the infusion system.
2. The cat is placed on its left or right side, and the surface should be soft, even and comfortable.
3. The catheter is unbandaged and rinsed with saline solution.
4. Unscrew the cap from the catheter, connecting the drip system.
5. Open the clamp and set the injection rate. 20 drops per minute are recommended.
6. The medicine is injected into the IV using a syringe with a needle.
7. At the end of the manipulation, close the clamp and screw on the cap.
8. Open the top valve, flush the catheter and roll it up.

It takes 2 hours to administer 100 ml of saline to a cat.

You can also rinse your cat’s nose with the drug or use it subcutaneously up to 2 times a day. For the procedure you will need a 0.6 mm syringe, and the solution is injected quickly. If the owner does everything correctly, then the pet feels good and no adverse reactions are observed. The pet recovers after a few days.

Contraindications

If there is an increased concentration of sodium in the blood, swelling of the brain or lungs, the drug is prohibited for use.

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IMPORTANT! VETERINARIAN CONSULTATION REQUIRED. INFORMATION FOR INFORMATION ONLY. Share with friends Article rating

Subcutaneous injections of a nutrient solution for dehydration

For subcutaneous feeding with saline solution (or better Ringer-Locke solution from a human pharmacy), draw 10 cubes of saline solution into a 20-cc syringe.

There is also a 2% solution of Glucose in saline (also sold in human pharmacies) 2 cubes. If the cat is still dying of hunger, exhausted, then you can add five cubes of Glucose in saline a couple of times, nothing.

Insert an indwelling urethral catheter and clear the bladder of residual urine. Administer the estimated amount of fluid deficit for dehydration during the first two to four hours of treatment. If urine flow does not occur, read furosemide or administer dopamine.

If oliguria or anuria persists, the amount of fluid administered per day will consist of the sum of the measured urine volume, insensible water loss, and additional losses caused by vomiting or diarrhea. Peritoneal dialysis will be required to remove uremic toxins from the body.

The same syringe contains ONE type of vitamins. If it is an enteroinfection or the like, the most important vitamin is to alternate between B12, B6 and ascorbic acid. The dose of vitamins is a quarter of a one-cubic ampoule. If you inject B12 (200 IU per ampoule), then take half an ampoule. If B12 (500 IU per ampoule) - a quarter of an ampoule.

Supportive fluids may initially consist of lactate or Ringer's acetate, but may eventually be reduced in concentration to half strength in the absence of sodium renal impairment. In patients with severe hypotension, intravenous fluids should be administered as previously described.

Common causes of extreme hyperosmolality in the dog and cat are hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetes mellitus, 6 hypernatremia associated with water deprivation in patients with diabetes insipidus, 13 and significant hypernatremia. 14 In hyperosmolar diabetes, dehydration is easily detected by assessing skin turgor; in the latter two conditions, interstitial water is often retained due to the displacement of fluid from the intracellular space, thereby ensuring normal skin turgor. 15 Eventually, however, the subcutaneous water will become depleted.

And it’s good to add cocarboxylase as a fourth component.

I repeat, each injection contains one vitamin.

Having collected all this into a syringe, chat, close the needle tightly with a cap and warm the syringe under running warm water to about 40 o C. Then wipe and replace the needle with a needle from an insulin syringe.

Using three fingers (thumb, index and middle) of your left hand, pull the cat’s skin so that your index finger is between her shoulder blades. A sort of hump-hood is formed with a fold under the index finger. Wipe thoroughly with alcohol. Make sure that there is free space under the skin (as if there is air in it), press slightly on the syringe plunger so that the medicine splashes out just a little.

In each of these conditions, hypovolemia can be life-threatening. A hypotonic disorder is one in which osmolality and sodium levels decrease in parallel. Clinically significant hyponatremia most often occurs due to the inability to excrete maximally dilute urine.

The goal of treating hyponatremia is to correct water osmolality and restore cell volume by increasing the ratio between sodium water and extracellular fluid. Many patients with hypercalcemia are volume depleted. Because renal excretion of sodium and calcium are coupled, forced physiological diuresis using furosemide and isotonic saline will accelerate calciuresis. Careful monitoring of serum electrolyte levels, especially potassium, is necessary to identify and correct possible hypokalemia.

When inserting a needle into this space, be sure to make sure that the tip is UNDER the skin and not IN the skin. Inject the medicine (all 12-18 cubes) in a row - slowly - into this subcutaneous space. It should be EASY to walk, as if in the air. If it doesn’t go, then the needle is in the skin!

A soft swelling will form on the nape of the neck for a short time - this is normal and completely painless for the cat. It will dissolve before our eyes, and the animal will immediately feel a little better.

All patients receiving rapid physiological diuresis should be monitored for signs of intravascular fluid overload. Fluid management routes of dogs and cats. Comparison of commonly used parenteral fluids in dogs and cats.

We invite you to read: Why do cats lick themselves?

Assessing the degree of dehydration. Fluid therapy for special circumstances. Intraosseous infusions of fluids and therapeutic agents. Continuing Education Compendium 11. Intraosseous Infusion Safety: Risks of Fat and Bone Marrow Pulmonary Embolism.

Primer of water, electrolyte and acid-base syndromes. Fluid and electrolyte balance in critically ill patients. Treatment of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock with hypertonic saline and external counterpressure. Fluid therapy in a critically ill patient.

If the cat does not drink for a day or more, it should be injected once every three to four hours until the cat begins to pee profusely. After this, at least three times a day, until she recovers and starts drinking on her own.

ATTENTION! This is not a treatment for the underlying disease, but support for water-salt balance!

I know of cases when people in extreme situations boiled ordinary tap water for a long time with table salt dissolved in it (saline solution - 0.9% NaCl) and glucose from tablets - and saved the life of an animal.

Cardiac patient fluid management. Monitoring a critically ill patient. Fluid therapy for hypotensive shock. Liquid therapy for gastrointestinal, pancreatic and liver disorders. Acid-base and electrolyte values ​​in dogs with acute gastric dilatation.

Extreme hypernatremia in a dog with central diabetes insipidus: a case report. Hypernatremia and adipia in a dog. Hypernatremia in elderly patients is a heterogeneous, painful and iatrogenic entity. Management of severe hyponatremia: fast or slow correction?

Even if a cat cannot eat or is not allowed to eat, she needs subcutaneous injections!

Here's illustrated advice from

Does your furry pet refuse to eat and stop playing altogether? This is a signal that all is not well with him. A cat can catch a cold, get sick, or get injured. Do not try to make a diagnosis yourself; immediately contact a veterinary clinic to see a specialist. What to do if treatment is prescribed in the form of injections?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0P4p86dgBU

Treatment of hyponatremia: First, do no harm. In veterinary medicine, drug therapy is given in four ways. Oral - through the mouth Intravenous - through an intravenous catheter Intramedullary - within the medullary canal of the bones Subcutaneous - under the skin. Subcutaneous administration means that fluids are injected under the skin using a needle.

Are there any restrictions?

To prevent saline solution from leading to serious complications in a cat, you need to know how and when to use it. Veterinarians strictly prohibit the use of the drug in pets that have excess sodium in their blood. Saline solution is also contraindicated for pets with cerebral or pulmonary edema, which can cause complications or death. It is equally important to strictly follow the dosage prescribed by the specialist. If owners inject the cat with more solution than required, the following consequences are likely:

• overhydration, characterized by an increased volume of water in the blood;
• acidosis;
• decrease in potassium concentration.

Treatment

First of all, the cause of dehydration should be identified and eliminated. For example, exclude allergenic foods from the diet and make sure that your pet always has fresh water available. When a cat is very ill, you should urgently take it to the clinic.

At home

The main goal of dehydration therapy is to quickly replenish water deficiency. To do this, first place the animal in a cool room and place a bowl of water next to it. If the animal refuses to drink regular water, you can offer it jelly from your favorite canned cat food. In cases where this does not help, it is recommended to force-drink the animal using a small syringe (without a needle!). This must be done carefully so as not to scratch the oral mucosa and not to get water into the cat’s respiratory tract.

Recommended analogues

Saline solution has quite a few contraindications, so it can be used by kittens and cats of any age. But if, for some reason, the veterinarian does not recommend using a veterinary drug, then it is replaced with a drug with a similar effect. Since saline solution is used for various purposes, it has many analogues. For example, you can rinse a cat’s nasal passages with Aqualor. If subcutaneous administration of the product is indicated, then you can replace it with a “Xylate” solution or make a saline solution yourself using water and ordinary salt.

Preventing dehydration

It is easier and simpler to prevent any pathology with preventive measures than to treat and eliminate its consequences. This also applies to dehydration in cats. To prevent your beloved pet from suffering from water deficiency:

• She should be fed only food that her body can best digest. Ideally, this is ready-made food from the store;
• you cannot offer the animal food from your table, as well as foods that can cause allergies;
• the owner must ensure that the cat has free access to a bowl with plenty of cool and fresh water;
• the animal must be vaccinated in accordance with its age and habitat, and also undergo periodic examinations by a veterinarian;
• Pathologies identified in a cat should be treated, strictly following all the doctor’s instructions.

How and what to feed kittens and cats correctly (industrial food)

Attention! The owner must monitor how much the cat drinks per day, as well as control the amount of urine in the tray and the frequency of bowel movements. If the animal does not defecate daily, and the feces are hard and dense, there may be a water deficiency. It is important to monitor the cat’s behavior, as well as its appetite.

Sodium chloride 0.9%

GENERAL INFORMATION

1. Sodium chloride isotonic 0.9% solution (Natrii chloridi isotonica 0.9% solutio).

2. Sodium chloride isotonic 0.9% solution is a medicinal product in the form of an injection solution containing 0.9 g of sodium chloride as an active substance per 100 ml, and water for injection as a solvent.

3. Sodium chloride isotonic 0.9% solution is a clear, colorless liquid.

4. Sodium chloride isotonic 0.9% solution is produced packaged in 100 ml in sterile hermetically sealed glass bottles of appropriate capacity, sealed with rubber stoppers reinforced with aluminum caps. Each package is labeled with the following indication: the name of the manufacturing organization, its address and trademark, the name of the drug, the name and content of the active substance in %, the method of administration, the batch number (including the date of manufacture), the expiration date, the volume of the drug in the bottle, storage conditions , the inscriptions “Sterile”, “For animals”, quality conformity mark, state registration number, designation of the organization’s standard and are accompanied by instructions for use. Store in a dry place, protected from light, at a temperature from 0 oC to 25 oC. Shelf life, subject to storage conditions, is 2 years from the date of manufacture. Sodium chloride isotonic 0.9% solution should not be used after the expiration date.

PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

5. Sodium chloride isotonic 0.9% solution is isotonic to animal blood plasma, regulates the acid-base balance of the body. After administration, the drug is quickly absorbed from the injection site and distributed in the organs and tissues of the animal.

6. According to the degree of impact on the body, sodium chloride isotonic 0.9% solution, according to GOST 12.1.007-76, is classified as a low-hazard substance (hazard class 4), and does not irritate tissue.

ORDER OF APPLICATION

7. Sodium chloride isotonic 0.9% solution is used in animals with large losses of body fluid (bleeding, toxic dyspepsia), shock, intoxication, metritis, vaginitis, as well as for dissolving various medications.

8. Sodium chloride isotonic 0.9% solution is used intravenously or subcutaneously in the following doses:

Animal species Dose, ml/animal

Horses 1000 – 2500

Cattle 2000-5000

Small cattle 100-300

Doses and duration of use depend on the weight of the animal and the course of the disease. When administered subcutaneously, the dose of the drug is administered fractionally to different places.

9. In recommended doses, isotonic sodium chloride 0.9% solution does not cause side effects or complications in animals. Use with caution in case of renal and heart failure.

10. The use of isotonic sodium chloride 0.9% solution does not exclude the use of other medications.

11. There are no contraindications to the use of isotonic sodium chloride 0.9% solution.

12. Livestock products during and after the use of isotonic sodium chloride 0.9% solution are used without restrictions.

PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES

13. When working with Sodium chloride isotonic 0.9% solution, you should follow the general rules of personal hygiene and safety precautions provided for when working with medicines.

14. The medicine should be stored out of the reach of children.

Types of injections

Photo. How to give an intramuscular injection to a cat

The type of injection depends on the drug. You need to carefully read the instructions, because confusion with the method of administration can not only harm the cat, but also undermine its health.

Chris and her husband Steve share their home with rescued cats, birds and a dog. Subcutaneous fluids are fluids that are given through a needle that is inserted under the cat's skin. As the disease progresses, the cat may stop drinking, not drink enough water, or vomit frequently and become dehydrated. Genuine fluids help without adequate hydration, blood flow through the kidneys is reduced, causing the kidneys to deteriorate even faster. Subcutaneous fluid therapy will not restore the kidneys, but will help the renal tissue of the kidneys function as efficiently as possible.

Just like people, cats are given injections:

• subcutaneously
• intramuscularly
• intravenously.

Subcutaneous injections are placed in cats at the withers or knee fold of skin. Drugs may be prescribed subcutaneously if a large volume is required at a time and the subcutaneous route is acceptable.

The medicine is injected intramuscularly into the thigh.

Fluids may be supplemented with potassium if your veterinarian feels it is appropriate for your cat's specific situation. Cats actually feel better when hydrated, so it's worth it. The frequency may also vary depending on how far the disease has progressed.

Some cats simply will not tolerate genuine fluid injections, and quality of life versus quantity must be seriously considered. A cat can carry a water bag for up to 24 hours until it is consumed. Fluid usually flows from the injection site for a short time. Once hydrated, the water sac usually slides down to the lower abdomen, but sometimes it may slide into one of the front legs.

The situation is more complicated with intravenous administration. Only a specialist can give such an injection. If your cat requires several intravenous injections a day, such as after surgery, the doctor will place a catheter through which the medication is administered.